Korean J Ophthalmol > Volume 36(5); 2022 > Article
Bae and Woo: Spontaneous Resolution of Retinal Detachment that Occurred Following Vitrectomy for Macular Hole: A Case Report
Dear Editor,
Retinal detachment (RD) after vitrectomy for macular hole can occur as a complication, either intraoperatively or postoperatively [1]. Iatrogenic retinal breaks are the most common cause, and many studies have described iatrogenic retinal breaks after macular hole surgery [1-3]. However, we encountered a case of RD that occurred after vitrectomy for macular hole, but a spontaneous reattachment occurred without further surgery. Thus, we would like to report this case. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient.
A 72-year-old male patient was referred for evaluation because of decreased visual acuity in his right eye over 3 months. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20 / 125 (−1.75 - 0.75 × 85°) in the right eye and 20 / 20 (−0.75 - 0.75 × 75°) in the left eye. Intraocular pressure was 14 mmHg in the right eye and 16 mmHg in the left eye. The axial length of the eyes was 25.31 mm in the right eye and 25.18 mm in the left eye. He had no underlying diseases, such as diabetes or hypertension. Fundus examination and spectral domain optical coherence tomography showed a stage 3 full-thickness macular hole in the right eye and vitreomacular traction in the left eye without posterior staphyloma in both eyes (Fig. 1A). The patient underwent phacoemulsification and implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens, 25G pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling, laser photocoagulation, and intravitreal gas tamponade (sulfur hexafluoride, 18%). There were no intraoperative complications. The patient was instructed to maintain a prone or sitting position for 7 days.
After 1 week, the fundus examination revealed inferior bullous RD with macula involvement (Fig. 1B, 1C). An additional 25G pars plana vitrectomy, intraretinal fluid drainage, laser photocoagulation, and tamponade with a longer acting gas (octafluoropropane, 14%) was performed. Although careful scleral depression was performed during the surgery, no retinal breaks were found. Therefore, retinotomy was performed for internal drainage of subretinal fluid at the superonasal region of the retina.
Two weeks after the second operation, as the gas was absorbed, the fundus examination revealed redetachment of the retina (Fig. 1D). We suggested that the patient underwent reoperation using silicone oil, but the patient refused further surgery. We decided to monitor the patient without any other treatment. Instead, as the patient stated that he frequently adopted the supine position during sleep early after surgery, he was advised to strictly adopt a prone or sitting position.
The patient returned 1 month later. His vision improved to 20 / 100. Although the macular hole remained, the RD subsided spontaneously (Fig. 1E, 1F). A final follow-up examination was performed 6 months after the last surgery. At this examination, no RD was observed, and the patient’s visual acuity was 20 / 125.
This is the first case of spontaneous reattachment of RD that occurred after two vitrectomy surgeries for macular hole and RD. The most common cause of RD after macular hole surgery is a retinal break [1,3,4]. However, in our case, a retinal break was not observed, even though the retina was carefully indented during the operation.
Another possible cause of RD after macular hole surgery is postoperative inflammation. Akduman et al. [5] reported four cases of RD after macular hole surgery that presented spontaneous RD resolution using topical or systemic steroids. In these cases, subretinal fluid shifted according to the patient’s posture, and exudation was thought to be the possible cause [5]. However, we could not detect any postoperative inflammatory signs; therefore, exudation is probably not the cause in our case. In addition, in our case, shifting of the subretinal fluid was not observed; therefore, we suspect that the spontaneous recovery was not due to an exudative component.
The most probable cause of RD in our case is the entry of fluid into the subretinal space through the macular hole when the supine position was frequently adopted during sleep, early after surgery. The RD subsided on its own without additional surgical intervention after adopting prone or sitting positions. Strictly adopting the prone position at night and sitting in the daytime could inhibit the intravitreal fluid from moving into the subretinal space through the macular hole. Furthermore, gradual absorption of subretinal fluid by the retinal pigment epithelium might have induced the spontaneous RD resolution.
In conclusion, even if RD of unknown cause occurs after vitrectomy for macular hole, if gas remains in the eye, it would be better to observe the patient strictly in the prone position.

Acknowledgements

None.

Notes

Conflicts of Interest: Se Joon Woo is a member of the KoreanJournal of Ophthalmology Editorial Board since 2020. However, he was not involved in the peer reviewer selection, evaluation, or decision process of this article. No other potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article were reported.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (the Ministry of Science and ICT) (No. 2020R1F1A1072795). The funding organization had no role in the design or conduct of this study.

References

1. Wimpissinger B, Binder S. Entry-site-related retinal detachment after pars plana vitrectomy. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2007;85:782-5.
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2. Mittra RA, Mieler WF. Controversies in the management of open-globe injuries involving the posterior segment. Surv Ophthalmol 1999;44:215-25.
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3. Tabandeh H, Chaudhry NA, Smiddy WE. Retinal detachment associated with macular hole surgery: characteristics, mechanism, and outcomes. Retina 1999;19:281-6.
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4. Park SS, Marcus DM, Duker JS, et al. Posterior segment complications after vitrectomy for macular hole. Ophthalmology 1995;102:775-81.
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5. Akduman L, Del Priore LV, Kaplan HJ. Spontaneous resolution of retinal detachment occurring after macular hole surgery. Arch Ophthalmol 1998;116:465-7.
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Fig. 1
Fundus apperence and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the patient. (A) OCT at the initial examination showed a full-thickness macular hole in the right eye. One week after macular hole surgery, (B) ultra-widefield fundus imaging showed inferior retinal detachment, and (C) unclosed macular hole and retinal detachment involving macula were observed on OCT. (D) Ultra-widefield fundus imaging taken 2 weeks after the second surgery showed inferior retina detachment, without shifting of the subretinal fluid. (E) Ultra-widefield fundus imaging taken 6 weeks after the second surgery revealed complete spontaneous reattachment of the retina. (F) However, the macular hole remained on OCT.
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