TAO Patients were classified into age groups, 39 patients in their 20s, 49 in their 30s, 42 in their 40s, 31 in their 50s, 29 in their 60s, and 27 patients were over 70 years old.
Tables 3 and
4 summarize the age distribution among the TAO patients and the control subjects, respectively. The mean volume of the lacrimal gland in patients with TAO was 0.814 cm
3 (SD, 0.032). The mean volume of the lacrimal gland in patients with TAO was 0.816 cm
3 in right orbits (SD, 0.048) and 0.811 cm
3 in left orbits (SD, 0.051), with no significant difference between right and left (
p = 0.192). The mean volume of the lacrimal gland in normal Korean populations was 0.602 cm
3 (SD, 0.038). The mean volume of the lacrimal gland in the control group was 0.608 cm
3 in the right orbit (SD, 0.036), 0.597 cm
3 in the left orbit (SD, 0.042), with no significant difference between right and left (
p = 0.112). The lacrimal gland volume in patients with TAO was significantly greater compared with the control group using a two-sample
t-test (
p < 0.001) (
Table 5). The mean volume was 0.812 cm
3 in male orbits (SD, 0.037) and 0.816 cm
3 in female orbits (SD, 0.029), with no significant difference in gender (
p = 0.513) among TAO patients. The mean lacrimal gland volume classified by age groups in patients with TAO was 0.838 cm
3 for ages 21 to 30 (SD, 0.027), 0.825 cm
3 for ages 31 to 40 (SD, 0.023), 0.810 cm
3 for ages 41 to 50 (SD, 0.026), 0.808 cm
3 for ages 51 to 60 (SD, 0.036), 0.802 cm
3 for ages 61 to 70 (SD, 0.030), 0.789 cm
3 for over 70 years of age (SD, 0.028), and showed a decrease in volume with increasing age (Pearson r = -0.479) (
Fig. 2). Among TAO patients, the gland volume measured in current smokers and non-current smokers was 0.827 (SD, 0.072) and 0.809 (SD, 0.032), respectively, and showed a significant difference (
p = 0.02). The mean volume was 0.600 cm
3 in male orbits (SD, 0.032) and 0.605 cm
3 in female orbits (SD, 0.036), with no significant difference between men and women (
p = 0.122) in the control group. The mean lacrimal gland volume classified by age groups in normal Korean populations was 0.649 cm
3 for ages 21 to 30 (SD, 0.086), 0.637 cm
3 for ages 31 to 40 (SD, 0.062), 0.606 cm
3 for ages 41 to 50 (SD, 0.048), 0.587 cm
3 for ages 51 to 60 (SD, 0.042), 0.561 cm
3 for ages 61 to 70 (SD, 0.038), 0.536 cm
3 for over 70 years of age (SD, 0.032), and showed a decreased in volume with increasing age (Pearson r = -0.802). It was observed that the gland volume decreased with increasing age in both males and females, and the ratio of decrease was greater in females (male Pearson r = -0.772, female Pearson r = -0.830) (
Fig. 3). Among the control group, the gland volume measured in current smokers and non-current smokers was 0.598 (SD, 0.082) and 0.622 (SD, 0.026), respectively and was statistically significant (
p = 0.01).
In the right orbit, the lacrimal gland volume correlated with subjective tearing (r = 0.244,
p = 0.018), corneal SPK (r = 0.192,
p = 0.040) and exophthalmometry (r = 0.182,
p = 0.032). It did not correlate with abnormal motility or lagophthalmos. In the analysis of the left orbit, the lacrimal gland volume correlated with subjective tearing (r = 0.226,
p = 0.024), corneal SPK (r = 0.206,
p = 0.036), and exophthalmometry (r = 0.180,
p = 0.046). It did not correlate with abnormal motility or lagophthalmos (
Table 6).